Friedrich Meischer in 1869 become the first person to isolate the DNA from a cell.
James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953 became the first to discover the double helix ladder-shaped of DNA.It is only 0.1% of these bases that makes every human being different from others. There are 3 billion bases in human DNA and 99.9% of these bases are identical in every people on the Earth.These proteins are responsible for the functionality, survival, and growth of a cell. The genes instruct the cells about making specific proteins. You can consider the genes as the language which cells can understand. There are sets of instructions in each string of DNA which are called genes. In the cells of the human body, there are 23 pairs of chromosomes which are located in the nucleus of each cell. These chromosomes are the tightly packed and coiled molecules of DNA one chromosome accounts for the single DNA molecule. To pack large molecules of DNA in a cell, there are structures in cells which are called chromosomes. The molecule of DNA is so long that it can’t be fit into a cell without a packaging. These nucleotides are connected between backbones in such a way that only two particular nucleotides can connect together to form a pair Nucleotide A will only connect to T, and C will only connect G. These four letters are actually the representation of the nucleotides which are adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine. Bases are the actual fundamental blocks which form the DNA code.īases are represented by four letters A, T, C, and G. Backbones are the twisted pair structures which are located at sides of the double helix shape and are responsible for holding the bases of DNA together. The structure of DNA can be divided into two parts the backbone and the bases. DNA StructureĭNA is a very long molecule which is very thin and has a double helix ladder shape. Since each person’s DNA is unique, ' DNA typing' is a valuable tool in connecting suspects to crime scenes. The cell constantly gets instructions from DNA to perform various function throughout its life. DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid, sometimes called 'the molecule of life,' as almost all organisms have their genetic material codified as DNA. You can consider the DNA similar to a program of a computer and the body of a cell as hardware on which program is executed.
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